What is Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?

The Tarsal Tunnel is a space in the foot between the bones and the overlying tissue. This space contains muscles from the leg going to the foot, as well as the tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery, and posterior tibial vein. The tarsal tunnel has little room for the expansion of these structures and can lead to tarsal tunnel syndrome when the tibal nerve becomes entrapped as it enters the ankle region.

The entrapment of the tibial nerve makes it difficult for the foot to communicate with the brain, as the nerve impuses are restricted. This causes pain in the sole of the foot along with a burning or tingling sensation.

The tibial nerve can become entrapped for several reasons. Flat feet can put strain on the muscles in the tarsal tunnel region causing them to impinge on the tibial nerve. Trauma to the ankle, such as a fracture or a injury of the tissue in the area, can also compress the tibial nerve.

Treatment options include arch supports or custom orthotics for patients with flat feet. Anti-inflammatory medications and cortisone injections help to reduce any inflammation that may be causing the tibial nerve to become compressed. There is also the option of having the the nerve released surgically.